A skeptical analysis of “There are no atheists in foxholes”

2008 November 23

By Navin Kumar
Article ID: 1261

The phrase “there are no atheists in foxholes” has been around for a long time. It’s used with phrases like “there are no atheists in a crashing plane” or “there are no libertarians during a financial crisis”. It’s a way of saying that even those who claim to be very principled forget their principles during an emergency. More narrowly, it’s a way of asserting that atheists do actually believe in God and are simply in denial. This supposes that during times of great stress – like when you’ve just parachuted into Landmine County – religious belief rises to the surface and blasts away all “pretensions”.

What’s the rebuttal to “there are no atheists in foxholes”?

There is no logical rebuttal to this claim. Why? Because it’s not an argument. “There are no atheists in foxholes” is an assertion. It’s like saying “X is equal to 6.78“. It’s either true or it isn’t. But in the interests of being thorough, let’s give the phrase more dignity than it deserves and raise it to the level of a theory. If a person presents such a theory, he is expected to present some kind of empirical data or experiment to back it up. In this case, there is no empirical evidence. A possible experiment could involve recording the religious orientation of outgoing soldiers, and then asking the returning atheists a question like the following:

While in your foxhole, did you ever have a moment when you decided that God exists?

a) Yes.

b) No.

c) I was too busy trying not to get decapitated to think about it.

No one has ever conducted this kind of survey. If someone claims “there are no atheists in foxholes”, the only proper retort to this bigoted sentence is “Yes, there are.”

If it’s such faulty reasoning, why do people claim there are no atheists in foxholes?

Theists believe that atheists live in denial because a theist’s belief in God is based largely on faith, rather than reasoning or empirical evidence. They feel God’s presence, and can’t understand how others don’t. So they conclude that other people do in fact feel him but are lying due to some ulterior motive. Psychologists call this “projection” (although the term may not be technically right: projection deals with unwanted qualities and most theists would reject the idea of theism being unwanted). A selfish person sees everyone else as being selfish. A liar sees dishonesty everywhere. And a religious person cannot believe other people can be so spiritually blind. They assume that everyone is the same as them, despite what others claim. With this understanding, it’s easier to see how so many people can believe an assertion without evidence.

Of course, the atheist-in-foxholes phrase is irrelevant to the question of whether a god exists or not. If there are atheists in foxholes, a theist could argue that it’s just an example of divinely-created free will. On the other hand, simply beliving in something doesn’t make it true.

Do wars convert warriors into believers?

Yes, but not the way theists intend. Anecdotal evidence (which, it should be warned, is unreliable) suggests that battlefield conversions do happen, but in the opposite direction: faced with the horror of war, soldiers start to wonder if a kind, benevolent, all-powerful God would allow something like this to happen. Specifically, “either there is no God, or He’s a bastard”.

Andrew Cline – in his blog “About.com Guide to Atheism since 1998” – received a letter from a US Marine who said:

“Not that this would be admitted or last after combat is over, but even the marines praying every night when we were in the rear weren’t pleading for god’s help in combat. They were acting just like atheists, ducking and covering, shooting back; trying to save themselves. Never once did I see someone stop and pray for help. They use religion to get them through day to day, but when it hits the fan so to speak, they don’t take chances relying on god.”

And here’s a quote from Kurt Vonnegut’s novel Hocus Pocus:

“The sermon was based on what he claimed was a well-known fact, that there were no atheists in foxholes. I asked Jack what he thought of the sermon afterwards, and he said, ‘There’s a Chaplain who’s never visited the front.’”

So are there atheists in foxholes?

Of course there are. One example is Philip Paulson, who received the Freedom from Religion Foundation’s first “Atheists in Foxholes” award. Paulson, who served in Vietnam, filed suit against the city of San Diego to remove a cross from Mount Soledad, a highly visible, elevated location. He won, but the case was appealed (and is currently in the Supreme Court). During the case, Anne Nicol Gaylor – the president of the Freedom From Religion Foundation – proposed an “Atheists in Foxholes” monument. Such a monument was erected in 1999 at Lake Hypatia, Alabama. Paulson died of cancer in 2006. The monument reads:

The Freedom From Religion Foundation's "Atheists in Foxholes" monument“In memory of ATHEISTS IN FOXHOLES and the countless FREETHINKERS who have served this country with honor and distinction.

Presented by the national Freedom From Religion Foundation with hope that in the future humankind may learn to avoid all war.”

The Military Association of Atheists and Freethinkers was started by Master Sergeant Kathleen Johnson. She is a West Point graduate who claims that atheist soldiers are discriminated against by their officers.

Johnson’s group hasn’t been idle. Letter writing campaigns have been organized against TV news journalists for repeating the “atheists in foxholes” line on TV. These journalists include Katie Couric, Bill Weir, Tom Brokaw, and Bob Schieffer. Bill Wier later retracted his statement. Bob Schieffer later issued a public apology. The Military Association of Atheists and Freethinkers even marched on the Mall in Washington DC in 2005, which attracted atheists from different eras. We get this quote about the event from the now-defunct blog “Atheist Mommy” via Andrew Cline:

“…we met a man who saved hundreds of men in WWII. He said, ‘No atheists in foxholes[?], I wasn’t in [just] one, I was in thirty.’ This man is 90 years old and was the oldest atheist I had ever seen and met. There were several foxhole atheists who came up there, told their story and also mentioned that they were either second generation or that their children also were atheists. It gives me hope.”

Most atheists come to their belief by thinking and reasoning. Once you arrive at a conclusion by rigorously testing a theory, will you give it up simply because you’re under a lot of pressure? Unlikely. Religious faith is not required in order to honorably serve your country. We hear this concept in a poem by Alice Shiver, of which the last lines read:

“By air, land, and sea, you answer freedom’s call.

Without god or faith, you seek liberty for all.”



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27 Comments
2008 November 24
Sandra H permalink

Great article. I especially liked the explanation of projection and religious folks incredulity at atheism. Hopefully some military atheists will chime in with a comment or two.

2008 November 25
TheThomas permalink

I liked the intro. it helped me to understand the phrase “there are no atheists in foxholes”, which I had heard many times before. I had thought it meant that atheist don’t sign up for the army, and therefore are unpatriotic. It’s funny that to a Christian that phrase would be obvious “of course they will ask a god for help at the last moment”, but to me, an atheist, the joke was undecipherable–because how far it is form the truth.

2008 November 26

Same here, Sandy – the psychological aspect of projection isn’t something I’d thought of before. But seeing it presented in this way makes me understand and empathize a little more with those who think differently.

2008 November 28

I chuckled at the cool bit about the simple answer to the assertion “There are no atheists in foxholes.” — “Yes, there are.”

My ex-military friend said something about atheists in foxholes that parallels another thing you said: “It’s where some of them get their start.”

2008 November 30

On NPR this evening they were talking about just this topic. They were talking about it from a media perspective, and how often it is used by reporters and anchors. Even a reporter from NPR said that there are no atheists in foxholes when discussing a particular story regarding a convoy in Iraq. Thankfully, he received a lot of backlash for his comments and he discussed on air that he will never use the phrase again. He had simply never thought about it and how it actually hurts the feelings of atheists everywhere, especially soldiers. To say that there are no atheists in foxholes is really saying that the atheist position is not one that stands up under scrutiny or pressure, which is the farthest thing from the truth. A great example of an atheist that was in a foxhole recently would be Pat Tillman, who was killed by friendly fire in Afghanistan.

2008 December 5
Sherrel D Stewart permalink

I would love to see an atheists explain his theorie of Evolution verses the Christian Theory  Of Creation ?
     The Christian theory of Creation presents thousands of logical  and extra-ordinary feats of engeneering in the making of the human Body and all other forms of Life. the design of the enviroment supports Life, so that every element on this earth works in unison to suport the each other. The self healing ability of men, plants and other forms of life on earth, are direct result of creation. The ability of reproduction is just another form of creation within itself.  Do Athiests actually belive that all of this  just happened out of the clear blue, with no one behind the designing of it??? AHHHH  COME ON !!!! Where do they get their resoning?   GOD gave man reasoning, man was the only animal on earth that  he had given reasoning to. I challenge them to give us give us their beliveable explaination with compareable examples.
 
Sherrel D. Stewart
Puyallup, WA.
redpepper76@msn.com

2008 December 5

Sherrel,

You are saying a lot of things, but without any facts to back them up. I am not about to get into a long winded discussion about evolution vs creation if you are going to discuss things in that way, as we will get nowhere with neither of us gaining anything from it.

If you are actually willing to learn and do some reading, there are plenty of materials out there that do a wonderful job of explaining evolution. This is how I went from being an evangelical christian to an atheist in a short amount of time.

First, watch this video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1hVx7BsvjU&feature=related
Then, read the Wikipedia article on evolution: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution
If you want more I would highly recommend Richard Dawkin’s book, “The God Delusion”. It doesn’t discuss just evolution, but it does cover it quite well. If you want a good book on JUST evolution from a scientific standpoint, then go get another one of Dawkin’s books, “The Blind Watchmaker”.

If you have questions about specifics throughout your research feel free to leave a comment here, I’ll read it and respond back : ).

2008 December 5

Also, creationism is NOT a theory.

“Theories are constructed to explain, predict, and master phenomena (e.g., inanimate things, events, or behavior of animals). In many instances we are constructing models of reality. A theory makes generalizations about observations and consists of an interrelated, coherent set of ideas and models.”

Being able to explain and predict something is really what a theory is. Gravity is a theory because we can observe the effects of what happens when we drop an apple from our hand, it goes towards the earth, not away. It is a well respected theory because people all over the world can verify the claims of the theory of gravity by dropping an apple and taking note of the results.

Creationism does not fit the description of a theory because it does not predict anything. Creationism is better described as a belief or an idea, not a theory.

2008 December 9

There was a commentary on NPR this morning from an atheist that served in Afghanistan. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=97992274

2008 December 12
Joe Hern permalink

“Psychologists call this “projection” (although the term may not be technically right: projection deals with unwanted qualities and most theists would reject the idea of theism being unwanted).”

Ah, but this ‘unwanted qualities’ definition fits perfectly. I am not being facetious when I propose that the subconscious guilt a theist feels and the denial of earthly pleasures is indeed ‘unwanted’ while they tell themselves they are ‘happy’ to give up the pleasures of the flesh. That is completely absurd… they are not ‘happy’ to be denying themselves the earthly pleasures non-theists enjoy. Of coruse, however, if you press a theists about the issue, they will swear they are ‘happy’ to give up the pleasures. This would be easy for them to conceal if it were not for their ‘projection’ of their unwanted feelings onto the non-theist. They wish to project the unwanted feelings of guilt and unwanted self denial onto the atheist.

As for my own experience, I was upside down in an overturned vehicle still traveling 60MPH on it’s roof, glass imploding, screaming of others in the vehicle, and burnt tar spraying my face completely aware I was about to die, and all I thought about was “I hope [my death is] quick” as in imaging slamming into an oncoming truck or barrier. Indeed, I am certain that there are ‘atheists in foxholes’ if I was one. Besides, it doesn’t take a psychologist to figure out that the very worst time to make a well thought out decision is during emotional turmoil. But isn’t it interesting that the most often occurrence when theisms attacks the gullible is during emotional turmoil?

2008 December 29
Paul permalink

I’ve always thought the “no athiests in foxholes” assertion just showed how when some people are put in highly stressful situations, they will sometimes exhibit irrational behaviour.

2008 December 29

hmm, I’ve never seen it that way Paul. I was a raised as a evangelical christian, and was so until just a year or two ago, and when I was a christian I saw that statement as saying, “Those so called atheists will become christians as soon as they see that might die”

Perhaps you were raised in a completely different environment and see it in an entirely different way?

2009 January 5
Andy permalink

“’There are no atheists in foxholes’ isn’t an argument against atheism, it’s an argument against foxholes” – James Morrow

2009 January 5

As an unwavering and unrepentant atheist, I have been met with this statement on many occasions and thought about it in the past in a very similar way to Navin Kumar. (I politely excuse myself when faced with it today). I also have been asked “Who is your Pope? followed by one of the minions of the 3rd Reich).

These queries are simply lazy and trite. When confronted by them I realize that I am not talking to a person who has come up with the question on their own; I am not talking to a person who thinks for themself.

I have jokingly told people that I was saved from a bullet while in the jungles of Viet Nam by the copy of Origin of the Species that I always kep in my breast pocket. Occasionally people believed me.

Anyway, good article.

2009 January 23
Tomás permalink

Hi, I will just make a reply to a comment that stated that Creationism is not a theory based on the fact that it does not explain or predict anything. I think it still qualifies as a theory by your description in the sense that it explains how lifeforms were created and tells us how they may be so again. It states that they were created by God and may be so again in the same way that Evolutionary theory describes how they come from lower species by natural selection and genetic mutations. I would also like to declare that I do not know much about Creationism, Evolutionary Theory was my first education in this sense and actually the only one I received in detail so I do not know if Creationists can describe the process by which God gives life in any detailed manner as Evolutionists can. If anyone knows about this, please post. Either way that is not in the description you gave which I think was fairly if not wholly accurate. My particular view about this subject is that we should not be considering which version is true but rather which one contributes the most to our lives by improving them and making phenomena humanly understandable. I am not really sure if any of them is true.
Respectfully, Tomás.

2009 January 23

Tomas,

The difference between the theory of evolution, and the idea of creationism, is that evolution can accurately predict things to come. To have a theory, you need to be able to test that theory. There is no way to test creationism.

From Wikipedia,

“Science is a way of knowing and understanding that differs from other ways in that it is dependant on empirical evidence and testable explanations. Natural causes can be reproduced so that they can be tested by other scientists. Explanations based on purported forces outside nature, such as supernatural intervention, cannot be confirmed or disproved by scientists as these explanations cannot be tested. Stephen Jay Gould considered science and religion to be two compatible, complementary fields, whose authority does not overlap.[99] For these reasons some claims of Creationism cannot be evaluated by science, such as the idea of a divine being as a first cause. Other, more specific claims can and have in many instances been tested and disproved by science. The scientific consensus rejects any attempt to teach creationism as science.”

2009 February 24
Vinnie permalink

I can’t believe no one pointed this out…hooray! I get to make a point.

The phrase can also be interpreted as meaning “humans in general, are incapable of completely accepting death without some form of afterlife (whether it be reincarnation, an afterlife, or something similar).”

2009 February 25
Dean permalink

I know it points to a practical and semantic distinction, but my dad told me this story: He and others were under a heavy attack in WWII and one of the soldiers dropped to his knees and started praying – my dad told him, “Now is not the time to pray, now is the time to shoot.” If that’s true, then perhaps athiests are more likely to survive, and there may actually be more athiests in foxholes than you think.

2009 March 14
Brian permalink

Interesting discussion… the way I see the phrase “There are no atheists in foxholes” is not a statement of proof or fact (clearly, there are atheists in foxholes, regardless of what anyone says) But I do think it means that when you are in the “foxhole” – that is, facing the possibility of death, if forces you to make a decision on whether or not to believe in God. In a peacetime environment, it’s easy to push off thoughts of death until we’re older, but in war, it gets you thinking about what might happen when you die.

Christianity makes absolutely no sense as long as you are looking only in the confines of this lifetime. If there is no judgment after death, then what is the point of living our lives according to moral rules (outside of any personal benefit or gratification it might give us)?

But conversely, if there is judgment after death, Christianity makes perfect sense. Looking at all the evil in the world (caused by everyone from the religious to the atheist) and our own inability to live according to God’s rules (the 10 commandments), then our only hope is for God to save us from our inherent sinfulness (which is why God sent his only son, Jesus, to die on a cross).

Everything hinges on the question: is there judgment after we die? Unfortunately, there’s no way to know the answer until we die ourselves, and all we can do in the meantime is believe in one answer or the other, live our lives accordingly, and hope that we made the right choice.

2009 March 16

Brian said:

“In a peacetime environment, it’s easy to push off thoughts of death until we’re older, but in war, it gets you thinking about what might happen when you die.”

Correct. As a former Christian, I had to get over the conditioning that took place over my lifetime to get to where I am now where I don’t even think abotu that stuff when I am in dire situations or even the few times my life was in danger. However, what you are referring to is already documented in comparison studies. Fear, worry, oppression, hard ship… that is what makes us religious… we need to make sense of it, to feel we will one day be delivered from it. The more oppressed a people, the more superstitions they have, or a ‘deliverance’ fantasy, otherwise known as apocalypse. It’s how we cope. It means nothing substantial, as theists often try to make it, when someone resorts to whatever the religion in which they grew up when they fear that their end is near.

“Christianity makes absolutely no sense as long as you are looking only in the confines of this lifetime.”

It doesn’t make sense in any light. Really.

“But conversely, if there is judgment after death, Christianity makes perfect sense.”

No, it doesn’t. At least, by itself…. ANY religious fantasy makes ‘perfect sense’ if it promises to deliver you from the hell you experience while living.

“Looking at all the evil in the world (caused by everyone from the religious to the atheist) and our own inability to live according to God’s rules (the 10 commandments), then our only hope is for God to save us from our inherent sinfulness (which is why God sent his only son, Jesus, to die on a cross).”

Spoken like a true Christian, the one’s I knew and used to be anyway. It’d take too much time to show you what your fallacy is there in the above paragraph, but I will give you as hint: Your premises are flawed, and make widely sweeping assumptions.

“Everything hinges on the question: is there judgment after we die? Unfortunately, there’s no way to know the answer until we die ourselves, and all we can do in the meantime is believe in one answer or the other, live our lives accordingly, and hope that we made the right choice.”

Correct. But keep in mind, there is no way to know if MY God is the right choice and not YOUR God, or the plethora of other gods or goddesses, or even a god or goddess who hasn’t made themselves known, or one who doesn’t care if we acknowledge her or him.. do you see where this goes? No sane god in her or his right mind would expect you to ‘pick’ the right one based on the horridly flawed epistemology of most of the religions out there. In fact, it seems it is more likely he or she would congratulate you for not falling for any of them, and using your critical thinking minds he or she gave you.

2009 March 16
TimB permalink

“(Brian) Interesting discussion… the way I see the phrase “There are no atheists in foxholes” is not a statement of proof or fact (clearly, there are atheists in foxholes, regardless of what anyone says) But I do think it means that when you are in the “foxhole” – that is, facing the possibility of death, if forces you to make a decision on whether or not to believe in God. In a peacetime environment, it’s easy to push off thoughts of death until we’re older, but in war, it gets you thinking about what might happen when you die.”

The statement “there are no atheists in foxholes” reflects a lazy analysis of the theist vs. atheist worldview. Whether or not there are atheists in foxholes has no bearing on the validity of the argument, as it imputes an emotional overlay of an intellectual position. The fact of the matter is a period of high stress is probably not a time when you will be RATIONALLY contemplating a subject that requires intellectual rigor. You’re probably going to end up wherever you are emotionally predisposed to go. That being the case, if there are no atheists in foxholes, my response would be, so what?

“(Brian)Christiani,ty makes absolutely no sense as long as you are looking only in the confines of this lifetime. If there is no judgment after death, then what is the point of living our lives according to moral rules (outside of any personal benefit or gratification it might give us)?”

Lots of Christians would disagree with you. I just had a rather spirited exchange with a Christian theist on another forum who would disagree with you. Christianity is a world view that purports to explain our existence…our reality.. Stating that it makes no sense in the confines of this lifetime is tantamount to an admission that it fails to deliver on one of its foundational principals. Essentially you are asking that I (as a non-theist) believe in something that makes no sense right now for the promise of something for which you can offer no proof, outside of faith. Why would I need to believe something that sounds patently absurd, when I can present a falsifiable theory on the same subject (explaining our reality) which does not require the existence of a divine creator? You also seem to be suggesting that the only reason we are moral is because we want to get the “goodies” offered by the afterlife. Isn’t this the ugly underbelly of Christianity? Your altruisitic, loving and ethical behavior is not genuine, because ultimately you do it out of fear (of judgement), or the hope of getting something for it in the end (heaven).

How about this as an alternative: over the course of time certain behaviors which were more conducive to the propogation of the species survived , while those behahviors which were not conducive to the propagation of the species did not. While we think of these behaviors as moral or ethical today, they are really a reflection of evolutionary pressure and cultural development rather than any universal absolute.

The point is, I can come up with an internally consistent, falsifiable (testable) theory that requires no God. Why would I need anything beyond this (or something similar)?

“(Brian) But conversely, if there is judgment after death, Christianity makes perfect sense. Looking at all the evil in the world (caused by everyone from the religious to the atheist) and our own inability to live according to God’s rules (the 10 commandments), then our only hope is for God to save us from our inherent sinfulness (which is why God sent his only son, Jesus, to die on a cross).”

This is like saying “Christianity makes sense, if Christianity makes sense” The contention inherent in your proposition depends on the proposition being true in the first place” Hope and wishful thinking make for poor components to a rational argument. On what basis do you make your claim that the 10 commandments are God’s law? What evidence do you provide that would compel me to believe that 1) Jesus was God’s son, 2) he died on the cross for our sins 3) This is our only “hope”?

And by the way offering the bible as proof (as the inerrant word of God) is also circular logic….

2009 March 23
Brian permalink

Continuing the discussion with Jj…

Brian: “In a peacetime environment, it’s easy to push off thoughts of death until we’re older, but in war, it gets you thinking about what might happen when you die.”

Jj: Correct. As a former Christian, I had to get over the conditioning that took place over my lifetime to get to where I am now where I don’t even think abotu that stuff when I am in dire situations or even the few times my life was in danger. However, what you are referring to is already documented in comparison studies. Fear, worry, oppression, hard ship… that is what makes us religious… we need to make sense of it, to feel we will one day be delivered from it. The more oppressed a people, the more superstitions they have, or a ‘deliverance’ fantasy, otherwise known as apocalypse. It’s how we cope. It means nothing substantial, as theists often try to make it, when someone resorts to whatever the religion in which they grew up when they fear that their end is near.

That wasn’t the point I was trying to make. I’m not focusing on the here-and-now deliverance from a current situation, but that a “foxhole” environment forces us to think about what might exist after death. It’s a fact of life that death will eventually catch up to us, whether it be at a very old age in a nursing home, or in a car accident as a teenager. However, everyday people do not think about their own death, because the chances are very low and who wants to think about that anyway, especially when you’re in the prime of your life.

When you are forced to consider the possibility of your own death, I think it’s a very natural thing to wonder what happens when you die. Somebody is going to be right. Maybe there’s nothing. Maybe it’s Allah instead of the Christian God. But regardless, being in a “foxhole” situation makes us think about that, and come to a conclusion that answers that question (whether it be a religion, some general conception of god(s), or atheism).

Brian: “But conversely, if there is judgment after death, Christianity makes perfect sense.”

Jj: No, it doesn’t. At least, by itself…. ANY religious fantasy makes ‘perfect sense’ if it promises to deliver you from the hell you experience while living.

Christianity is not about delivering you from the “hell” on earth. It’s about delivering you from an eternity in hell after death.

Brian: “Looking at all the evil in the world (caused by everyone from the religious to the atheist) and our own inability to live according to God’s rules (the 10 commandments), then our only hope is for God to save us from our inherent sinfulness (which is why God sent his only son, Jesus, to die on a cross).”

Jj: Spoken like a true Christian, the one’s I knew and used to be anyway. It’d take too much time to show you what your fallacy is there in the above paragraph, but I will give you as hint: Your premises are flawed, and make widely sweeping assumptions.

Aww, thanks. Feel free to explain your point of view and where you’re coming from.

Brian: “Everything hinges on the question: is there judgment after we die? Unfortunately, there’s no way to know the answer until we die ourselves, and all we can do in the meantime is believe in one answer or the other, live our lives accordingly, and hope that we made the right choice.”

Jj: Correct. But keep in mind, there is no way to know if MY God is the right choice and not YOUR God, or the plethora of other gods or goddesses, or even a god or goddess who hasn’t made themselves known, or one who doesn’t care if we acknowledge her or him.. do you see where this goes? No sane god in her or his right mind would expect you to ‘pick’ the right one based on the horridly flawed epistemology of most of the religions out there. In fact, it seems it is more likely he or she would congratulate you for not falling for any of them, and using your critical thinking minds he or she gave you.

YOUR God? I thought you were an atheist. Sorry, couldn’t help it. Yes, I do not think that there is a conclusive way to prove the existence of God (or god, or any combination thereof), but conversely, I do not think that there is a conclusive way to disprove the existence of God either. Reasoning (and yes, there is such a thing as a reasoned faith) will only take us so far – for the rest, that we cannot prove conclusively, must be taken on faith. For some, it’s faith that God does not exist. For others, it’s faith that He does. For the sake of brevity, I’ll stop here.

2009 March 24
Brian permalink

Continuing the discussion with TimB…

TimB: The statement “there are no atheists in foxholes” reflects a lazy analysis of the theist vs. atheist worldview. Whether or not there are atheists in foxholes has no bearing on the validity of the argument, as it imputes an emotional overlay of an intellectual position. The fact of the matter is a period of high stress is probably not a time when you will be RATIONALLY contemplating a subject that requires intellectual rigor. You’re probably going to end up wherever you are emotionally predisposed to go. That being the case, if there are no atheists in foxholes, my response would be, so what?

I agree, that a time of high stress is not a good time to make a rational decision. But, the “foxhole” makes you think about what might exist after death (if anything), and that forces us to make up our minds about what we believe.

TimB: Lots of Christians would disagree with you. I just had a rather spirited exchange with a Christian theist on another forum who would disagree with you. Christianity is a world view that purports to explain our existence…our reality.. Stating that it makes no sense in the confines of this lifetime is tantamount to an admission that it fails to deliver on one of its foundational principals. Essentially you are asking that I (as a non-theist) believe in something that makes no sense right now for the promise of something for which you can offer no proof, outside of faith.

Simply put… sorta. Being a Christian does have an impact on how I live my life in this world, and speaking for myself, my faith has made me a more selfless person, led me to a more peaceful state of mind, and has reassured me about a lot of things that I cannot control. But if I’m a Christian only because of these worldly benefits, I’m a Christian for the wrong reason. Jesus Christ didn’t let himself be executed on a cross so Christians could be nice people or live comfortable lives – he died so imperfect people could still enter heaven. Christianity makes no sense if you exclude life after death, because then Jesus would have died for no reason, and without Jesus, Christianity does not exist.

TimB: Why would I need to believe something that sounds patently absurd, when I can present a falsifiable theory on the same subject (explaining our reality) which does not require the existence of a divine creator?

You don’t NEED to believe in God – that’s your choice. Belief (or disbelief) does not create reality.

TimB: You also seem to be suggesting that the only reason we are moral is because we want to get the “goodies” offered by the afterlife. Isn’t this the ugly underbelly of Christianity? Your altruisitic, loving and ethical behavior is not genuine, because ultimately you do it out of fear (of judgement), or the hope of getting something for it in the end (heaven).

Actually, Christians try to be altruistic, loving, and ethical because they love God, and God loves them (as He loves everyone, not just Christians). Christians do not need to act out of fear of hell, because they were already rescued from that fate by Jesus while they were still sinners. And they do not need to be good to try and “impress” God because He has already granted them heaven in spite of their shortcomings. The two greatest commandments in the Bible are to love God and to love others as we love ourselves. This isn’t to say that Christians are perfect and do this all the time, but that’s the way it’s supposed to be.

TimB: How about this as an alternative: over the course of time certain behaviors which were more conducive to the propogation of the species survived , while those behahviors which were not conducive to the propagation of the species did not. While we think of these behaviors as moral or ethical today, they are really a reflection of evolutionary pressure and cultural development rather than any universal absolute.

Plausible. This is getting long, so I’ll let you get on to the point…

TimB: The point is, I can come up with an internally consistent, falsifiable (testable) theory that requires no God. Why would I need anything beyond this (or something similar)?

Why would you need something more than a theory that requires no God? You don’t. Unless you’re wrong.

TimB: This is like saying “Christianity makes sense, if Christianity makes sense” The contention inherent in your proposition depends on the proposition being true in the first place” Hope and wishful thinking make for poor components to a rational argument.

I agree – hope and wishful thinking is a poor foundation for faith too.

TimB: On what basis do you make your claim that the 10 commandments are God’s law? What evidence do you provide that would compel me to believe that 1) Jesus was God’s son, 2) he died on the cross for our sins 3) This is our only “hope”?

And by the way offering the bible as proof (as the inerrant word of God) is also circular logic….

To be answered in the following post…

2009 March 24
Brian permalink

Since it came up in the previous post, I’m going to try and explain:
Why I am a Christian, and why Christianity makes sense to me. I’m not offering this as an irrefutable proof of Christianity, only an explanation of what makes sense to me, and why it does.

Starting at the basics:
1) There is a god – I believe that a god exists, that created the universe and everything within it. An omnipotent and omniscient god. Where did everything come from? The Big Bang? But how did that happen? What triggered that? And that still doesn’t answer the question where all the matter came from in the first place. Stuff doesn’t just “appear” out of nowhere for no reason. I believe that god is the reason. Also, the sheer statistical impossibility that sheer chance created the universe and life as we know it (statistically impossible as in, winning the lottery a thousand times in a row would be much more likely), makes it far more likely that someone created the universe and either designed it or shaped it to become what it is today.

2) God is not evil – After all, if God were evil, then we’re all pretty much screwed and there is nothing that we can do about it. Why would an evil God grant us some sort of “paradise” or eternal reward, even if we were to worship him? Even if he “promised” rewards for worshiping him and being evil like him, we would be relying on an evil god to keep his word – and why would he do that? He’d be evil, after all. And, let’s face it: not too many people worship an evil god, except maybe Satanists.

3) God is not neutral – If God were neutral (as in, everybody gets into “heaven” regardless of what they’ve done), then he would be condoning a lot of evil that takes place in the world (Imagine bumping into Josef Stalin in the afterlife, never mind he killed 20 million people). That doesn’t sit well with me – I believe that people who do evil should be brought to justice, and must pay for their crimes against others. That’s kind of a common theme across all of humanity. And, in a more pragmatic sense, if I’m wrong in believing in a just and “good” God, and He’s really just neutral, then I really haven’t lost anything in the end.

4) God is “good” – I believe that God does not like it when we do evil actions, or even have evil thoughts. He created us as equals, and He is grieved when he sees us wrong one another. I believe that our conscious reflects that – why humans universally agree that things like rape, murder, adultery, giving false testimony, or stealing someone’s possessions are wrong.

5) God will judge us – If God is just (a “good” God), and He is omnipotent, and omniscient, then He cannot tolerate unpunished evil. If He were to condone it or overlook it, that would not be just (imagine if a judge were to let someone with undeniable evidence of a crime walk free without punishment; it would be wrong, and unjust). Since God knows everything, He can judge us perfectly – He knows our actions, thoughts, motives, more completely and accurately than any human judge or jury could discern. We cannot claim innocence, for we all have a conscious that testifies against us (no matter how much we may try to suppress it or ignore it).

6) God loves us – As parents do for their children, God gives us rules to live by, with the intent to keep us from harming ourselves, and others – not just physically, but emotionally and spiritually. If God did not love us, then why would He care how we act? If God did not love us, then why would he even care about justice? Does anyone think that it would be a bad thing to love one another, to help those in need, or to learn how to forgive others?

7) We have a choice – a choice to be good or evil. God does not force Himself on us, and He does not force us to be good like puppets on a string. Why? Because God loves us, and a loving parent would not control every single moment and action of their child. Could you say that you really love a woman if you forced her, against her will, to love you back? God gives us the freedom to choose, whether to live as He wants us to, or to rebel and go our own way. Whether to believe in Him, or to love Him, or to ignore or reject Him.

8 ) We are not perfect – No matter how good of a person we may try to be, we are not perfect. How long can we go before we end up wronging someone, or hurting someone, choosing despite that voice in the back of our heads, to do something selfish at the expense of others? Even Mother Teresa, for all the good that she did in this world, was not perfect.

9) God’s dilemma – Two of God’s characteristics are in conflict. On the one hand, He cannot let our rebellion go unpunished. We have hurt other people, violating the rules that He has written on our conscious, and He would be unjust to simply “look the other way.” Our punishment is an eternity in Hell, because that is exactly what our actions have asked for. In our rebellion, we set up ourselves as our own god, accountable to no one but ourselves, and in the end, God will grant that wish. He will send us to a place without God – and that place is called Hell. However, God also loves us, and does not want us to be condemned to Hell. What parent would not grieve, if their beloved son was convicted of a crime and sentenced to a lifetime in prison? Yet, despite God loving us and wanting us to be saved, He cannot without being unjust. Which leads to…

10) The way out – God pays the price for us. As I mentioned in (8), we are incapable of “earning” our way into heaven by being good and avoiding evil. It’s part of being human – we aren’t perfect! And that is why God was willing to send His only Son to earth, where Jesus lived a sinless life (because of his divine nature), and died an unjust death (he was killed for blasphemy – claiming to be the Son of God), and willingly took the punishment that God was going to give to us, and put it on Jesus’ back. It’s like a judge, after pronouncing his son guilty of speeding, then steps down and pays the fine out of his own pocket. Justice has been done, but the guilty person does not have to pay himself.

11) Why does evil exist then? – If God is omnipotent and omniscient, then why does He permit evil to take place? Isn’t that proof that God does not exist? No. Even though there are times that the bad guys prosper and the good guys suffer, judgment takes place after we die. If God were to strike us down with a lightning bolt as soon as we did something wrong, then everybody would be dead. God defers judgment so that we have every chance to repent and turn back to good (that is, accepting the gift of our salvation through Christ – like any gift, we can choose to refuse it if we want to).

12) What about the theory of evolution, Darwin, etc? – Honestly, I think this is irrelevant to the most important part of Christianity, which is salvation from our sins. But, personally, I believe that evolution takes place, and even though God could have created the Earth in six 24-hour days, I don’t think He did. I believe God works through a lot of things in nature and science, whether it be evolution, the laws of physics, and so on.

13) What about the unreliability of the Bible? – Actually, the Bible is a lot more reliable (that is, accurately passed down over the centuries) than any other copies of books from 2000+ years ago (such as The Odyssey or Thucydides’ history of the Peloponnesian War, both of which people take for granted as being accurate. Though some translations have been less accurate than others, Biblical scholars who read the Bible in Greek, Aramaic, and Hebrew have used that to put together newer translations that are more accurate. And besides, I’m a fan of not sticking to one particular translation, but comparing several, to ensure I’m drawing the right conclusions from the text.

14) Jesus? The Son of God? Give me a break. Yes, it’s kind of a radical thing to claim to be the Son of God. OK, first: Jesus is a historical figure – there is plenty of evidence that proves that there was a person named Jesus of Nazareth, who was crucified by the Romans under Pontius Pilate. The real question is whether or not he was the Son of God. If he wasn’t, then he was just some random carpenter who had some followers and ended up getting himself killed because he claimed to be divine, despite knowing full well he would be killed for it. If he wasn’t who he claimed to be, he’d be more than stupid: he’d be crazy.

Yet despite that, and Jesus’ disciples knowing full well if he really was the Son of God, became bold and outspoken in preaching the gospel and spreading Christianity throughout the Roman Empire, refusing to forsake their beliefs despite intense persecution, and the unnatural deaths of 11 of the 12 disciples. People have been willing to die for a cause that they thought to be true, but how could you find so many willing to die for a cause that they knew was false? And what about Saul (Paul), who switched from one of the most outspoken anti-Christians who was arresting and persecuting the Christians throughout the area, into writing a good portion of the New Testament and spreading Christianity throughout Asia Minor, Greece, Italy, and Spain? And if Christian claims of Jesus’ divinity and resurrection were false, then why wasn’t the Jews or the Romans able to squash the movement in its infancy, by bringing forth witnesses and showing Jesus’ dead body?

Finally, there are dozens of prophecies in the Old Testament (written between 400 and 2000 years before Jesus’ birth) which only Jesus fulfilled. Although you may claim that this is using the Bible to support the Bible, this is not a circular argument. Those prophecies are the same ones that appear in the Jewish texts, and as I mentioned before, were written centuries in advance. For instance, the book of Genesis successively narrows down the lineage that He would use to bless the world, eventually singling out the tribe of Judah from the 12 tribes of Israel, and later in 2 Samuel, to descendants from King David. Psalm 22:16-18, written 1000 years before Christ, predicts that the Messiah’s hands and feet would be pierced (and this was hundreds of years before crucifixion became a common method of torture and execution). Zechariah 11:12-13 (written about 500 years before Christ) prophesies that the Messiah will be betrayed for 30 pieces of silver, which would be thrown into the Jewish Temple (destroyed in 70AD and never rebuilt), to buy the potter’s field (Matthew 27:5-10), which is exactly what Judas did.

In closing
I think it’s perfectly reasonable to believe in God, and specifically, in Christianity. Though reason and evidence alone will not be able to prove beyond any doubt that this is true, I am perfectly comfortable in taking the remaining parts that I cannot see or prove, on faith. I know that not everyone believes what I believe, and that’s perfectly fine – just make sure you’re thinking through what you believe.

2009 March 24

Preface: I tried every XHTML code I could think of to get these paragraphs to separate, so if they are bunched together, know I tried.

Brain: That wasn’t the point I was trying to make. I’m not focusing on the here-and-now deliverance from a current situation, but that a “foxhole” environment forces us to think about what might exist after death.

JJ:
Good points. I agree.

Brian: Christianity is not about delivering you from the “hell” on earth. It’s about delivering you from an eternity in hell after death.

JJ:It may not be “about” delivering you from hell on earth, but it psychologically does just that, as any fantasy belief that is genuinely believed does. Which was my point… because Christianity (and many other religions, if not all of them) provide this psychological coping mechanism, they will always ‘make sense’ to those who believe them.

JJ said: Your premises are flawed, and make widely sweeping assumptions.

Brian: Aww, thanks. Feel free to explain your point of view and where you’re coming from.

JJ: Okay. You said: “Brian: “Looking at all the evil in the world (caused by everyone from the religious to the atheist) and our own inability to live according to God’s rules (the 10 commandments), then our only hope…

The ‘only hope’ thing is a huge assumption, and when this is a basic tenant of one’s religion, that it is the ‘only hope’, it will be no wonder when they do not see the critical analysis of their religion. After all, before it can get into the critical part of the believers mind, they will have a psychological defense to anything that might threaten to dispel it.. again, before it can reach the part of your brain that really really starts thinking about it. You are *almost* not even aware you are doing it. I say *almost*, because the cognitive dissonance you experience (that after some time, even that dissonance is buried where it can’t be felt) when you experience the logical inconsistencies between a particularly described god and the direct comparisons of how that same epistemology you use to believe in your god would justify any god. This is evidenced to atheists all the time when believers will use profoundly non-applicable analogies to justify their belief, and seemingly refuse to respond to the clearly articulated reasons why said analogy is flawed, and the believer seems to assume their must be some other better way to justify their belief without coming up with one, instead of thinking “damn.. that’s a good point.. I can’t think of any applicable analogy to justify my belief… in fact, each analogy I come up with, the flaws within, shows why I SHOULDN’T believe in my god as a fact.”

JJ: You then said: “…(the only hope) is for God to save us from our inherent sinfulness”. There’s another huge assumption.. that we have ‘inherent sinfulness’. Again, when this is believed as part of the religion, it’s going to make perfect sense to believe in God. Using these kinds of rational to believe in your god is circular, because your only concept of ‘inherent sin’ comes from the very source that tells you to believe in God.

And you said: “… (which is why God sent his only son, Jesus, to die on a cross).”

Another assumption… that if a man named Jesus died on a cross, that it was because God sent him…rather than any other reason a man was crucified by the Romans.

Brian: YOUR God? I thought you were an atheist. Sorry, couldn’t help it. Yes, I do not think that there is a conclusive way to prove the existence of God (or god, or any combination thereof),

JJ: Right.. and you do understand, please say you do, that claiming a positive means you are the one who has the burden of proof. As you admit there, you don’t. So, the best intellectually honest perspective is agnosticism.

Brian: “…but conversely, I do not think that there is a conclusive way to disprove the existence of God either. ”

JJ: Correct. And again, please say you understand this, no one can prove a negative. And using that kind of epistemology, you do realize you justify ANY positive claim that can’t be proven or disproved, right?

Brain: Reasoning (and yes, there is such a thing as a reasoned faith)

JJ: Please elaborate. Or first, let’s define faith, and make sure when you define it, that it doesn’t justify believing in anything. And if you then add ‘evidence’ to the definition, it isn’t ‘faith’. That’s making a reasonable guess as to what is more likely… so, as theists often do and end up making their argument jello-esque, either it’s the typical ‘faith’ we somehow absurdly grew up to accept as a valid method of learning something, which is to leap to a conclusions without any evidence to do so, or it is evidence based, and we can get to work on that, since we can actually test, compare, and contrast evidences.. Theists often juggle between the two definitions, using the ‘evidence based’ when they start using biblical teachings to justify their beliefs, then using the ‘leap’ definition when they can’t retort an argument against biblical teachings.

Brain: “…will only take us so far – for the rest, that we cannot prove conclusively, must be taken on faith.

JJ: (cringe) Why MUST it be taken on faith? That’s the most frustrating thing I have to deal with when talking to theists… that they somehow think it’s okay to make any decisions whatsoever on ‘faith’, that ‘faith’ is somehow a valid measure of learning. That when all else fails, it “must” be taken on faith. Do you realize that means when you can’t rationalize your belief system, rather than revising it or giving it up as you would with any other idea or concept or perspective in any other venue, you just say “oh, whatever.. I must go one faith here”. It’s a fail safe plug-in that has been the cornerstone of belief systems everywhere. It’s a demonstrably invalid means of learning or believing ANYthing, horrid in fact, yet has been talked up in Christianity over hundreds of years as if it a GOOD thing.. as if it is a humble, wonderful, dutiful thing so that when logic and reasonable epistemology fails, it fills in. Again, it’s fail safe. And your first step to giving up your belief is realizing the FACT that ‘faith’ is an excuse, a horrid stand-in for when information is absent.

Brain: For some, it’s faith that God does not exist.

JJ: I was going to predict in the above paragraph about faith that you would try to equate ideas of atheists with faith, but I see you did it here. It is no more a “faith” that God doesn’t exist than it is a faith of yours that all the other gods and goddesses don’t exist. It’s not faith at all. It’s reasonable demonstrable epistemology that you and I both use to show that while it can’t be proven that those other gods and godessess don’t exist, why it’s ridiculous to just have ‘faith’ that they exist. You and I both could stand side by side and appropriately trash the epistemology of pagans or Scientologists or other fantasy beliefs, but then I could show you how you refuse, or can’t, use the same tools of epistemology on your own belief (and after I showed you, you’d still push it out of your mind and maintain you have a good reason to believe your beliefs). So, it’s not faith that those gods don’t exist… it’s a sound reasonable epistemology that you and I both can use to show why the believers of those religions are using flawed reasoning to justify their belief in their gods to themselves. Why it all the sudden isn’t sound epistemology later on when applied to Christianity is every atheists mystery.

That’s would be the nut for you to crack.. show the way you break down critically other belief systems and show how THEIR reason to believe those beliefs are flawed epistemology, then show how the same tools when applied to Christianity do not show any flaws in the epistemology of Christianity. (PS: I’ve seen Theists do this before, but they resort to circular reasoning, by using the Bible to show how other belief systems are wrong, then when that is pointed out, the theist moves to ‘faith’).

2009 March 24

Brian: 1) There is a god – I believe that a god exists, that created the universe and everything within it. An omnipotent and omniscient god. Where did everything come from? The Big Bang? But how did that happen? What triggered that? And that still doesn’t answer the question where all the matter came from in the first place.

JJ: Correct. I, too, give a little weight (to the dismay of many of my atheist friends) to the potential of an unmoved mover because of this odd conundrum of what was BEFORE the Big Bang. By the way, this seems to imply you are not a young-earth creationist. That’s refreshing.

Brian: Stuff doesn’t just “appear” out of nowhere for no reason. I believe that god is the reason.

JJ: This is where it breaks down, though. There is no reason to believe in ANY definition of that potential first unmoved mover. If you do, you have to justify it with sound epistemology.

Brian: Also, the sheer statistical impossibility that sheer chance created the universe and life as we know it (statistically impossible as in, winning the lottery a thousand times in a row would be much more likely), makes it far more likely that someone created the universe and either designed it or shaped it to become what it is today.

JJ: It’s important that you understand those statistics before using them to justify your belief in God. It’s not statistically impossible. You are making the argument that ANY after-the-fact random series of numbers is statistically impossible. So, to predict the rolls of die will result in: 142653541264231621543562324543413454243635253425123645325416153
421512431245345(e10) is statistically impossible… yet after the fact, they are not. They are just a random set of results that if predicted, would be amazing, but when recorded after the fact, are quite mundane.

Brain: 2) God is not evil – After all, if God were evil, then we’re all pretty much screwed and there is nothing that we can do about it. Why would an evil God grant us some sort of “paradise” or eternal reward, even if we were to worship him? Even if he “promised” rewards for worshiping him and being evil like him, we would be relying on an evil god to keep his word – and why would he do that? He’d be evil, after all. And, let’s face it: not too many people worship an evil god, except maybe Satanists.

JJ: I am not sure where you are going with this. If there is no god, then there is no ‘evil’ god. Maybe you are referring to the arguments of how an all knowing god could allow the horrid suffering that occurs on earth, and how such an all powerful being would be evil… I’d just say, it highly implies there is no all-knowing loving god. It just can’t be argued that the biblical God exists as described without engaging in a myriad of failings, such as willful ignorance, rationalization in spite of the more likely explanations, and profound intellectual dishonesty.
Brain: 3) God is not neutral – If God were neutral (as in, everybody gets into “heaven” regardless of what they’ve done), then he would be condoning a lot of evil that takes place in the world (Imagine bumping into Josef Stalin in the afterlife, never mind he killed 20 million people). That doesn’t sit well with me – I believe that people who do evil should be brought to justice and must pay for their crimes against others. That’s kind of a common theme across all of humanity.
JJ: Correct! Which is precisely why you like this part of your belief system. It sucks a hell of a lot to think Josef Stalin did not suffer, or any criminal who committed heinous crimes who is alive now and will get by with it until they die might not ever suffer a penalty for it. But, as an atheist, I am completely at peace with the suckiness that it is that some do. That’s a hard thing for even many atheists to accept, but when they are asked about it, will admit it happens. We are drawn to want to believe that will never happen, so god belief fits right in to ‘make sense’ of this really sucky reality.

Brain: And, in a more pragmatic sense, if I’m wrong in believing in a just and “good” God, and He’s really just neutral, then I really haven’t lost anything in the end.

JJ: That sounds very similar to Pascal’s Wager, where the fallacy there is it assumes the nature of God as it’s premise. You may lose out on the awesomeness of being an atheist (it is awesome, by the way, to not believe in any gods) and enjoy what Christianity calls ‘pleasures of the flesh’ (that, consequently, you currently believe you do NOT want, but you don’t want them because you feel they are sinful.. circular) by following a completely fantasy belief system. Imagine, for a moment, that it all is bunk.

Brain: 4) God is “good” – I believe that God does not like it when we do evil actions, or even have evil thoughts. He created us as equals, and He is grieved when he sees us wrong one another. I believe that our conscious reflects that – why humans universally agree that things like rape, murder, adultery, giving false testimony, or stealing someone’s possessions are wrong.

JJ: This assumes that there is no other reason to think why humans have universal ethics. Your argument also doesn’t explain those plethora of humans who DON’T agree on those ethics.

Brain: 5) God will judge us – If God is just (a “good” God), and He is omnipotent, and omniscient, then He cannot tolerate unpunished evil. If He were to condone it or overlook it, that would not be just (imagine if a judge were to let someone with undeniable evidence of a crime walk free without punishment; it would be wrong, and unjust). Since God knows everything, He can judge us perfectly – He knows our actions, thoughts, motives, more completely and accurately than any human judge or jury could discern. We cannot claim innocence, for we all have a conscious that testifies against us (no matter how much we may try to suppress it or ignore it).

JJ: You are getting into ‘beyond’ territory here where you have to assume your premise is true before you can accept this stuff.

Brain: 6) God loves us – As parents do for their children, God gives us rules to live by, with the intent to keep us from harming ourselves, and others – not just physically, but emotionally and spiritually. If God did not love us, then why would He care how we act? If God did not love us, then why would he even care about justice? Does anyone think that it would be a bad thing to love one another, to help those in need, or to learn how to forgive others?

JJ: This ‘parent’ analogy fails spectacularly. I mentioned this in my other reply. if we start comparing the analogy to reality, it starts breaking down REAL fast and then you’ll have to resort to ‘faith’.

Brain: 7) We have a choice – a choice to be good or evil. God does not force Himself on us, and He does not force us to be good like puppets on a string. Why? Because God loves us, and a loving parent would not control every single moment and action of their child. Could you say that you really love a woman if you forced her, against her will, to love you back? God gives us the freedom to choose, whether to live as He wants us to, or to rebel and go our own way. Whether to believe in Him, or to love Him, or to ignore or reject Him.

JJ: It’s at this point I am realizing you are one of those ‘not-well-versed-in-debate’ Christians. You are using the same arguments that have been used for decades that I have seen shot down and shot down myself over and over and over and over again for more than a decade. It’s gets to the point where I just don’t want to go over this even one more time. This “Otherwise we’d be robots’ argument (among a few others you used before and after this one) is the hallmark of a ‘green in the area of debate’ Christian. Other less green Christians who I know many myself and actually hang out with them (gasp!) would counsel you not to use these arguments.

Brian: 14) Jesus? The Son of God? Give me a break. Yes, it’s kind of a radical thing to claim to be the Son of God. OK, first: Jesus is a historical figure – there is plenty of evidence that proves that there was a person named Jesus of Nazareth, who was crucified by the Romans under Pontius Pilate. The real question is whether or not he was the Son of God. If he wasn’t, then he was just some random carpenter who had some followers and ended up getting himself killed because he claimed to be divine, despite knowing full well he would be killed for it. If he wasn’t who he claimed to be, he’d be more than stupid: he’d be crazy.

JJ: C.S. Lewis anyone? Again, I can’t spend the time to keep debating these very simple issues on the Internet. In person, yes, but not in the internet.. I’ve done it a thousand times. I am just done doing it through this medium. The complex stuff? Sure, I’ll discuss that on the internet. But these elementary points, I’ve done it enough. Near Columbus, Ohio by chance?

Brain: In closing I think it’s perfectly reasonable to believe in God, and specifically, in Christianity.

JJ: Of course you do.. you have shown with your points that you are using very elementary, debunked, and flawed arguments to believe what you do. Again, my Christian friends abandoned these arguments long ago and use more philosophical reasons to believe, and we have great discussions. But these argument you are using and showcased here for us explain precisely why you think it is perfectly reasonable to believe in God.

Brain: Though reason and evidence alone will not be able to prove beyond any doubt that this is true, I am perfectly comfortable in taking the remaining parts that I cannot see or prove, on faith.

JJ: Just remember what I said about faith, and that it is a FACT that it is a horrid, invalid means of knowing something, learning something, or judging its likelihood.
Brain: I know that not everyone believes what I believe, and that’s perfectly fine – just make sure you’re thinking through what you believe.

JJ: Likewise. Really. I already know you are not thinking yours through by what you posted. That is not a character attack, I mean it with good intentions. I have Christian friends who would agree with me.

2009 March 24
TimB permalink

…and my response to Brian

TimB Original Statement: The statement “there are no atheists in foxholes” reflects a lazy analysis of the theist vs. atheist worldview. Whether or not there are atheists in foxholes has no bearing on the validity of the argument, as it imputes an emotional overlay of an intellectual position. The fact of the matter is a period of high stress is probably not a time when you will be RATIONALLY contemplating a subject that requires intellectual rigor. You’re probably going to end up wherever you are emotionally predisposed to go. That being the case, if there are no atheists in foxholes, my response would be, so what?

BRIAN:I agree, that a time of high stress is not a good time to make a rational decision. But, the “foxhole” makes you think about what might exist after death (if anything), and that forces us to make up our minds about what we believe.

TimB Response:
So, you 1) agreed with me that “the foxhole scenario” is not a good time to make a rational decision, and 2) point out that we are forced (your words) to make a decision about what we believe, in this situation. I conclude then that you are agreeing that a person put in that situation is making an irrational decision about what they believe.

If over the course of your lifetime, you come to a theistic system of belief, this is clearly your prerogative. I would debate your evidence as well as the basis on which you draw your conclusions; but offering as part of the argument the idea that there are no atheists in foxholes(I’m not suggesting necessarily that you specifically are doing this) is an idea that has no merit. That aside, given that we agree that it’s an irrational conclusion, my point stands: The fact that an irrational conclusion has been drawn by a lot of people does not make the conclusion less irrational.

TimB Original Statement: Lots of Christians would disagree with you. I just had a rather spirited exchange with a Christian theist on another forum who would disagree with you. Christianity is a world view that purports to explain our existence…our reality.. Stating that it makes no sense in the confines of this lifetime is tantamount to an admission that it fails to deliver on one of its foundational principals. Essentially you are asking that I (as a non-theist) believe in something that makes no sense right now for the promise of something for which you can offer no proof, outside of faith.

BRIAN: Simply put… sorta. Being a Christian does have an impact on how I live my life in this world, and speaking for myself, my faith has made me a more selfless person, led me to a more peaceful state of mind, and has reassured me about a lot of things that I cannot control. But if I’m a Christian only because of these worldly benefits, I’m a Christian for the wrong reason. Jesus Christ didn’t let himself be executed on a cross so Christians could be nice people or live comfortable lives – he died so imperfect people could still enter heaven. Christianity makes no sense if you exclude life after death, because then Jesus would have died for no reason, and without Jesus, Christianity does not exist.

TimB Responds:
Your points suffer from the logically fallacy (again) of assuming the truth of that which you are trying to prove. You are also making an appeal to consequence. This offers me insight into your faith, but it has no weight in establishing the truth or falsity of the proposition. In the end, I’m not sure I care specifically why you believe. I’m more interested in debating any evidence you might bring to bear which supports your ideology, and from which a non-believer might draw a rational conclusion in support of that ideology.

TimB Original Statement: Why would I need to believe something that sounds patently absurd, when I can present a falsifiable theory on the same subject (explaining our reality) which does not require the existence of a divine creator?

BRIAN: You don’t NEED to believe in God – that’s your choice. Belief (or disbelief) does not create reality.

TimB Responds:
Shouldn’t this be MY Line?

TimB Original Statement: You also seem to be suggesting that the only reason we are moral is because we want to get the “goodies” offered by the afterlife. Isn’t this the ugly underbelly of Christianity? Your altruisitic, loving and ethical behavior is not genuine, because ultimately you do it out of fear (of judgement), or the hope of getting something for it in the end (heaven).

BRIAN:Actually, Christians try to be altruistic, loving, and ethical because they love God, and God loves them (as He loves everyone, not just Christians). Christians do not need to act out of fear of hell, because they were already rescued from that fate by Jesus while they were still sinners. And they do not need to be good to try and “impress” God because He has already granted them heaven in spite of their shortcomings. The two greatest commandments in the Bible are to love God and to love others as we love ourselves. This isn’t to say that Christians are perfect and do this all the time, but that’s the way it’s supposed to be.

TimB Responds:
I’ll concede the basic point, which is to say that there are Christians who behave in altruistic and loving ways because their belief system (faith) has motivated them to change the way they look at and interpret the world. I have no interest in making a categorical judgment on what someone else’s motives are. That being said, I don’t think this really offers anything as evidence either for or against the fundamental question.

TimB Original Statment: How about this as an alternative: over the course of time certain behaviors which were more conducive to the propogation of the species survived , while those behahviors which were not conducive to the propagation of the species did not. While we think of these behaviors as moral or ethical today, they are really a reflection of evolutionary pressure and cultural development rather than any universal absolute.

BRIAN: Plausible. This is getting long, so I’ll let you get on to the point…

TimB Responds:
You are conceding a pretty important point here, Brian. The idea that these concepts (good, evil, etc) are not universal undermines a fundamental premise of traditional Christianity. Is this what you meant to do?

TimB Original Statement: The point is, I can come up with an internally consistent, falsifiable (testable) theory that requires no God. Why would I need anything beyond this (or something similar)?

BRIAN: Why would you need something more than a theory that requires no God? You don’t. Unless you’re wrong.

Tim B Responds:
As a non-theist, I’m willing to concede that my propositions, theories, postulates, etc, may be wrong. That is why the idea of testability is so important. We draw conclusions from the evidence, test those conclusions which results in more evidence, alter the conclusions if necessary, and so on. This is the scientific method. I concede that I may be wrong about a particular interpretation of the data, that doesn’t invalidate ALL of the data, or all of the theory for that matter. Just because my theory or a part of my theory is wrong, does NOT make your right; particularly when there is no testable evidence presented to back it up. I’ll ask you the same question I asked Michael on another forum: I’m willing to change my ideology in the presence of evidence that demands I do so; Are you willing to do the same?

TimB Original Statement: This is like saying “Christianity makes sense, if Christianity makes sense” The contention inherent in your proposition depends on the proposition being true in the first place” Hope and wishful thinking make for poor components to a rational argument.

BRIAN: I agree – hope and wishful thinking is a poor foundation for faith too

TimB Responds:
I’ll give you the benefit of the doubt, then, and assume that at some point you are going to present evidence that 1) isn’t logically flawed and 2) IS the foundation for a rational discussion.

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